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Introduction: Computerized tomography (CT) is a crucial technique for determining the severity of COVID-19. Ground glass opacities (GGO), crazy-paving patterns, and parenchymal consolidations are the most frequent patterns. Fibrosis, subpleural lines, the reversed "halo sign," pleural effusion, and lymphadenopathy are additional related CT features. The course and severity of the disease are related to CT results in COVID-19 patients. For patients with COVID-19, evaluation of laboratory and chest CT imaging features for prognostic prediction would be bene?cial for a better knowledge of disease pathogenesis, risk strati?cation, and the development of early treatment plans that ultimately minimise mortality Present study was performed on 100 laboratory con?rmed cases of COVID–19 Materials and Methods: diagnosed on reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cases were divided into two groups based on clinical disease severity scoring based on the criteria provided by Chinese Centre of Disease Control (CDC)5 as Group A (Disease presenting with dyspnoea, respiratory rate ? 30/min and SpO2 ? 93%) and Group B (Disease presenting with mild symptoms without dyspnoea, respiratory rate < 30/ min and SpO2 > 93 %). Patients Information on demography, clinical data with symptoms, comorbidity and disease severity were collected. CT Chest was sent in every patient at the time of admission. Right and left lower lobe was affected in majority i.e 47 (47 %) and 52 (52 %) Observations and Results: respectively. In group A moderate 25 (25 %) and severe CT 17 (17 %) score was found in majority whereas in group B mild 33 (33 %) CT score was in majority. Result was statistically signi?cant (P<0.00001). Ground glass opacity was the main CT pattern found in majority 47 (47 %). In group B compared to group A maximum patients got discharged within 10 days. Also ICU admissions were less 1 (1 %). Result was statistically signi?cant (P=0.008) Temporal changes of chest CT features Conclusion: and severity scores were closely associated with the outcome of COVID-19, which may be valuable for early identi?cation of severe cases and eventually reducing the morbidity of COVID-19
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Aims: Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of high-resolution real-time gray-scale ultrasonography with ultrasound-guided ?ne-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in identifying thyroid cancer nodules. Thyroid nodules are a frequent medical condition brought on by a number of thyroid problems. By palpating them, they can be detected in 4%–8% of adults, in 10%–41% of adults by ultrasonography (US), and in 50% of people by pathologic examination at autopsy. The thyroid gland's pathological states and thyroid gland morphology can be accurately assessed by using HRUSG. Our study's objective is to evaluate the reliability of HRUSG in identifying malignant nodules with the help of ultrasound-guided ?ne-needle aspiration cytology. It is a retrospective study of 50 patients Settings and Design: (aged 16–63 years) who were examined with high-resolution ultrasound (HRUSG) of the thyroid gland and for ultrasound- guided FNAC between January 2022 till August 31, 2022 This study comprised 50 patients with thyroid Material and methods nodules identi?ed by ultrasonography. Each nodule's properties were identi?ed. Following that, the outcomes were differentiated with Ultrasound-guided FNAC. Sensitivity, speci?city, positive predictive value, Stastistical Analysis used: negative predictive value and accuracy were used Out of 50 nodules examined, 10 (20%) were found to be malignant Results: on cytology. In this study with the aid of Gray-scale ultrasound features of thyroid nodules ,malignant thyroid Conclusions nodules can be differentiated from those with benign ones. HRUSG ?ndings of hypoechogenicity, microcalci?cation, and poorly de?ned margins have high diagnostic accuracy for identifying malignant thyroid nodules as mentioned in our study
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Doppler ultrasonography is the main modality for imaging of hemodialysis AV ?stula as it is safe and non-invasive. This study is to measure the Arterio-venous (AV) ?stula blood ?ow during early postoperative period (0–7days) and assess its role in AV ?stula failure prediction. Doppler ultrasonography was used to estimate the blood ?ow in the AV ?stula of 50 patients at (0–7days) after the ?stula was made. The blood ?ow in ?stula during early postoperative period for ?stula failure was evaluated, and long term failure was predicted. Blood ?ow rates Method measured in arteriovenous ?stula created in upper extremity were measured in ?rst week and sixth week post-operative. Results After follow up evaluation out of 50 patients, 40 ?stulas considered to be matured; 10 considered failed. 30% failure were males and 70% were female. In early post operative period, cut off was set at 182 ml/min and the sensitivity of blood ?ow for prediction of ?stula failure is 98%, speci?city 90 %, PPV 95% and NPV 90%. Measurements of the AV ?stula blood Conclusion ?ow in proximal artery and draining vein with its diameter of lumen were noted in the early postoperative period has a role predicting AV ?stula failure. There is risk of failure if the blood ?ow less than 182 ml/min (day 0–7)